Essential Guide to Using Spa Chemicals | ArticleBro.com

Even though spas are much smaller than swimming pools, they require the same principles of care and cleaning. Heated water in particular is the perfect breeding ground for bacteria, so it must always be properly sanitised and filtered to provide safe bathing conditions as well as to prevent the water from becoming cloudy.

In addition, unlike swimming pools, the water in your spa must be changed on a regular basis, so it will need to be drained and refilled.

The following guide will outline the sanitizing agents you can choose from to effectively clean the water in your spa, hot tub or swimming pool.

Summary of Key Cleaning Materials

Here is a list of the main solutions used for water sanitization:

? Sanitizers ? a blanket terms for agents which destroy harmful bacteria and other contaminants in the water. Chlorine and bromine are the most common chemicals used for this.

? Chlorine Stabiliser ? prevents unnecessary loss of chlorine so that it works more effectively as a sanitizer.

? Algaecide ? kills and prevents the growth of unwanted algae.

? Soda Ash (sodium carbonate) ? also called pH Plus, this is used to increase the pH level of the spa water.

? Sodium Bisulphate ? also called pH Minus, this is used to decrease pH levels.

? Filter Aids / Flocculants / Clarifiers ? these help remove debris from your spa.

Understanding Sanitization

It is extremely important to disinfect (sanitize) your spa to prevent the growth of contaminants such as bacteria and algae. This involves using chemicals to neutralise these harmful micro-organisms as well as filtration to remove larger pollutants and debris.

You will also need to conduct regular testing of your spa water using a specialised kit to maintain the right balance of its pH levels ? this is a crucial since correct pH is essential to the safety of bathers and the spa structure itself.

There are different types of testers available:

? Test Strips (Litmus paper) ? the simplest and quickest means of testing your spa for chlorine and pH levels.

? Liquid Reagent ? this type of test kit needs the exact amount of reagent to work effectively.

? Test Tablets ? many people prefer these kits as they offer simple, affordable, accurate analysis of spa or pool water.

Most Common Sanitising Chemicals

The most commonly used methods of sanitization are chlorine and bromine. Both are from the halogen family, meaning they have the capability to efficiently rid the spa of contaminants. They also have a residual effect, meaning they continue acting on the water long after they have been added. In addition, these chemicals are a popular choice since they?re affordable and easy to use (although some basic safety measures need to be followed, such as wearing gloves when handling them).

There are many types of chlorine releasing compounds and these tend to be used most often for sanitisation. Many women however complain about the smell of chlorine attaching itself to their hair, so in recent years bromine has risen in popularity amongst spa and hot tub owners.

Chlorine in particular tends to break down rapidly in sunlight, so to extend its sanitising ability it can be supplemented with chlorine stabilisers such as cynuric acid, which can prolong the residual half-life by as much as four to six times more than normal.

It?s very important when using these chemicals to maintain them at the recommended levels, since weak amounts will obviously reduce their sanitising effectiveness, while overly high amounts can lead to unpleasant side effects such as eye and skin irritations.

Alternative Sanitizers

Some people find sanitising chemicals to be too harsh, so they prefer more natural alternatives to chlorine or bromine:

Ozone

Ozone is generated by nature, particularly thunder storms, but it can also be synthesised artificially to kill bacteria in air or water. In fact, ozone is 300 times more effective than chlorine as a sanitizer.

UV Filtration

Ultraviolet light has a special irradiating effect which actively neutralises bacteria in water.

I must mention however that the downside of both of these methods is that they do not have residual properties, meaning they won?t continue to disinfect the spa or pool water when not activated. For this reason you will need to continue to use low levels of chlorine or bromine to tackle the constant growth of bacteria in water.

Conclusion

It is absolutely vital to perform correct, consistent sanitisation and maintenance of your spa, hot tub or swimming pool in order to keep it (not to mention bathers) free from harm. Using the above information on spa chemicals and other sanitising methods, you will be well on your way to making the right choices for your needs.

About the Author: Andrew Astonville is a spa care professional and a health analyst. He has been writing on swimming pool products, pool safety equipments and spa accessories for quite some time. Currently he is working as a freelancer and writing articles for many online publications. If you want to get in touch with Andrew or follow his latest sharings , visit his Google+ profile. To know more about swimming pool kits and spa products Andrew suggests you visit 1st-direct.com.

Source: http://articlebro.com/2012/home-family/home-improvement/essential-guide-to-using-spa-chemicals/

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Interview with Ashley Dukart, Author of Nothing More, Nothing Less

This week, we caught up with Ashley Dukart, indie author of Nothing More, Nothing Less. This is Dukart?s first novel, but with many more in the works, we?re likely to see a lot more from her in the future. We met Dukart, who was nineteen at the time, about a year ago and were inspired by her intense passion for writing.? She was resolute in her goal to bring her novels to readers and that indie publishing was the best route for her. At the time she had four manuscripts completed, with several more in the pipeline. Now with her first novel finished (her e-book was released this week) we were anxious to hear about her experience and also her future plans.

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WI: Tell us about your book.

AD: Nothing More, Nothing Less is a young adult fiction novel about three brothers, the youngest of whom is struggling with a past he feels that he cannot forgive nor forget. The past incidents he suffers from control his life and he falls into the hands of addiction, drinking, and trouble to try and alleviate the grief and pain he feels. His brother?s attempt to help but cannot always understand his actions/behavior and often the confrontations lead to more disaster. All in all, he is lost in a past that he blames himself for and cannot forget.

?

WI: What inspired you to write it?

AD:?Nothing More, Nothing Less was just an idea that came to me one day. I never thought that it would become a published novel, but as I continued to write on it and expose the plot and the ideas that came to my mind I felt as if it needed to be written. In my years as a teenager growing up I witnessed multiple incidences with family and friends dealing with addiction, some more devastating than others. So as I looked back on what I had seen and heard I began to realize that addiction is a problem in today?s youth and is growing in severity. It has become important to educate today?s teens/youth in the consequences of substance abuse and to make sure that they understand that their choices and actions do not only affect them but their friends and family as well. Today?s youth are increasingly tempted to use drugs and if they don?t begin to realize what it?s doing to them then it may be too late. By publishing Nothing More, Nothing Less I hope to give today?s youth some avenue to look upon and realize it?s not just themselves they are affecting by their own choices but their family and friends as well and that those same family and friends are there to help if one is willing enough to accept it. No one is truly alone.

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WI: Your protagonist, Brandon, struggles with intense guilt and embarks on this destructive journey that drives the plot of the story. What was it like as a writer creating a complex individual with such an intense and often very dark temperament?

AD:To be honest, it was somewhat difficult to write from Brandon?s perspective, since I have never actually gone through a situation such as the one I wrote about. Generally, everyone has ups and downs in their life, so in order to create Brandon and write in a way that would give him the personality we know today, I had to take from my own downs in my lifetime. I had to look back on times of grief and agony from the death of loved ones. I had to look on past incidents where I felt misunderstood and lost. I had to put myself into his perspective before I could write in his own voice. It wasn?t easy at times, but the one thing that did help was music. To write particular scenes, I would listen to music that fit the mood and that in itself would drive my writing. If Brandon was mad, the music had an air of anger about it; if Brandon was suffering from a particularly sad incident or the scene was tragic then the music was soft with an air of depression to it.

?

WI: You chose to self-publish Nothing More, Nothing Less. Tell us a bit about your experience? What were some of the challenges you encountered?

AD: Well? self-publishing was a riot that was for sure. I wasn?t exactly sure what I had gotten myself into when I decided to go the indie route, but now that I look back on it I don?t think I would have done it any other way for my first novel. I didn?t want the hassle of dealing with the corporate book publishing companies for my first novel since everything was new to me and I had no clue what I was doing, but with some guidance from a mentoring press, I pushed through and was able to get where I am today.

Now, during the self-publishing process the book wasn?t just sitting on the sidelines. I was busy figuring up the synopsis, the acknowledgments, and my author bio; of course with a little help. So, all in all, it was fun, it was work, I had ups and downs. I remember days I sat and stared at the computer, literally stared thinking to myself I don?t want to do this anymore. I can?t do this today. But then I?d sigh, get up and walk around before sitting back down and getting straight to work.

?

?

WI: Now that Nothing More, Nothing Less is available as an e-book, what are your plans for your other books? What?s next?

?AD:?I?m not really sure now. I am still writing I can guarantee that, but it may be a little bit before my next novel is out. For some of my novels, I know I will stick with indie publishing because that to me is the best route for them, as for others I may give the corporate companies a look. It really just depends on the guts of the story. There are some of my works that I am fonder of then others and the ones that I feel that the plot and story itself would get changed will be indie published so I have control. For the others that I?m not too picky on whether the plot gets manipulated a little or not then maybe I?ll send it off and see if I get lucky. All in all, I am still writing, no worries there, and will publish another book in the future.

Now I know that?s not what you wanted to hear so here?s an insight on what I?m writing now. At the present moment I have two other novels I am focusing on, but the third that has become my priority is the sequel, yes the sequel, to Nothing More, Nothing Less.

?

WI: As a younger writer, what?s your advice to other young writers about writing and self-publishing?

AD: For all of you young authors out there, keep going, keep writing, and don?t give up. You never know where you may end up. Whether it?s your first book or you?re eighth. Whether you just started writing or are a seasoned pro. Whether you?re like me and have several manuscripts sitting in the wings or have just began your first. Whether you?re starting your first idea or your fiftieth, just keep pushing through. Yes, I know what writer?s block is, believe me I?ve had it, and if you are struggling at it then maybe take a break and a step back from your book. Let your mind rest, and then when you have an idea or feel like writing again jump right back in. But, all in all, just keep working at it. You will get there, I did.

As for self-publishing its tricky, I?m not going to lie, but it is worth it. You will be so pleased when you?re done and when the book is finally released that the sensation of accomplishment is overwhelming and indescribable. Yes, it takes time; yes, it takes money; yes, it takes effort; but most of all, it takes dedication. If you?re really dedicated about your book and you like it the way it is, choose self-publishing. You get to keep your rights and no change can be made to your manuscript without your say so first.? Sure, it may take longer to get to your final goal, but it is well worth it in the end. To know the feeling that you, yourself, published a book is inexpressible and I wouldn?t have it any other way right no

Wise, Ink is thrilled for Ashley?s book, be sure to check out her trailer:?

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?

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Ashley Dukart began writing at an early age, since then it has become a passion. Nothing More, Nothing Less is her first novel. She currently lives in South Dakota and is currently working on her next book. You can visit her at?www.ashleydukart.com.


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Source: http://www.wiseinkblog.com/self-publishing-2/interview-with-ashley-dukart-author-of-nothing-more-nothing-less/

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Nicki Minaj's 'Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded ? The Re-Up? Gets ...

Nicki Minaj took a break from shading her American Idol co-star Mariah Carey on Twitter to announce that Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded ? The Re-Up will drop on November 19. The rapper tweeted out the news today (October 10) and promised to tweet the album?s cover art on Thursday. Click through to see how she unveiled the news to her loyal Barbz.

The album is an expanded reissue of her smash Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded and will feature new material, including lead single ?The Boys.?

Source: http://idolator.com/7111161/nicki-minaj-pink-friday-roman-reloaded-the-re-up-release-date

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?30 before 30? #18: drink a 1 litre chocolate milk for breakfast ? little ...

There it stands: 1000 milli-litres of milk, sugar, cocoa, salt, carrageenan (what?s that?), artificial flavour (I don?t like the sounds of that), vitamin A and vitamin D.

the challenge

And here I sit: unsure of my stomach?s ability to hold all that goodness. Mainly, I?m concerned with 24 grams of sugar per cup of the stuff, and I?m going to drink four times that much. I rack my brain for any nutrition-guide knowledge I may have retained over the years, ?How much sugar is within the acceptable limit?? I?m pretty sure that 100 grams of sugar is far too much for one meal, for sure, if not for the day. My consolation is that there are 8 grams of protein for every 24 grams of sugar. ?Surely that balances something out,? I reason as I walk home from the store with my chocolate milk.

The first half litre go down quickly and easily. It has been a couple hours since I?ve been up and I haven?t had anything to eat yet. And I love chocolate milk.

The next cup is surprisingly easy too. I?m somewhat distracted as I?m reading my Bible while having breakfast. But then it gets harder. This is where I got stuck many years ago when I first attempted this?

I was in high school and working at the ROM camp. My friend would routinely come in to work with a one litre carton of chocolate milk that he picked up at the corner store before hopping on the bus down to the museum. I loved chocolate milk even more in those days, but was still shocked by the quantity he was drinking at one time. But he wouldn?t be deterred. In fact, he started telling me that I should try the same. One morning, he came in with two chocolate milks: one for him and one for me. I heartily embraced the challenge. I sipped on the milk throughout the morning attendance taking, which was my job every day. But at the end of that, I needed to join my group, at which point it was not only inappropriate to be having breakfast while being with the kids but food in the galleries is not allowed. Sadly, I had to label my carton and stick the last quarter of my milk into the fridge to drink later in the day.

The difference then was that I had already eaten breakfast. With that in mind, I reasoned that I could successfully conquer a litre of milk this time around. But it happened: I started to feel full. Not wanting to give up, I pressed on, sipping the milk over the course of multiple minutes, admittedly ignoring my stomach?s cues to my brain.

In the end, victory! But also very full?

conquered!

Like this:

Be the first to like this.

Source: http://blogginglittleb.wordpress.com/2012/09/10/30-before-30-18-drink-a-1-litre-chocolate-milk-for-breakfast/

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Choosing The Best Veterinary Clinic - Exotic Animal Recipes

If you own a pet, then you naturally will require a well-qualified and reputable veterinarian. Veterinarians are licensed doctors with the same rigor of training as medical doctors. Though they are trained to care for all animal health issues, veterinarians in urban or suburban settings tend to specialize in household pets such as birds, cats, and dogs. Having this physician at your disposal can make taking care of your pet much easier.

Perhaps the most common animals for veterinarians to examine are dogs. Since they require a larger number of vaccines and supplements to protect them from a number of maladies, a veterinarian is a necessary companion for dog owners.

Rabies and heartworms are two common treatments that can be avoided with a vaccine and a drug supplement, respectively. Additionally, rabies is dangerous to humans, making the rabies vaccine a public health concern as well. With the number of different foods that can cause the heartworms blood disease, prevention measures are indispensable.

Cats, on the other hand, require a number of procedures like declawing in order to be house-friendly. Known for their resilience and longer lifespan, cats are rugged animals, but this resiliency does not mean that they do not require regular veterinary exams. Many cats have a characteristic ?fat cat? weight problem that can be treated with veterinary guidance. Our ethical treatment of animals has earned us the title of ?Best Of? McKinney TX vets.

In general, veterinarians practice medicine in separate practices. Thus, before you commit to a specific office, you should do a bit of research. In addition to the internet, the best strategy is to ask pet owners about their experience at certain vets. When doing online reviews, use search terms like McKinney Tx Vets to pull a list of reviews from your immediate area. Be sure that your veterinarian keeps well-organized records.

Many veterinary practices are essentially full service pet care offices. This means that they can provide grooming and health services, as well as short-term and long-term boarding for extended family and business trips.

Additionally, many veterinarians run a small animal hospital that is available for a number of emergencies. Boarding services are invaluable for those pet owners who travel frequently or who go away on business. Perhaps the most important for your home?s cleanliness and for those with allergies, grooming services ensure that pet dander and fur remain at a minimum, saving you cleaning time (and allergy attacks).

Veterinarians provide basic services like spaying and neutering that ensure that your investment in a pet does not turn into a burden. Having a pet is a wonderful thing, but most of us only want one or two?not six. Enjoy the years of love and companionship with your pet to the fullest be ensuring that your pets are groomed, cared for, and healthy throughout.

Call Highlands Eldorado Veterinary Hospital for all of your animal health

Source: http://www.barbecuediguana.com/cats/choosing-the-best-veterinary-clinic

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Obama maintains post-convention lead over Romney

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama remained ahead of Republican presidential challenger Mitt Romney in a Reuters/Ipsos poll released on Sunday, maintaining a boost in popularity that followed the Democratic National Convention.

Of the 1,419 likely voters polled online over the previous four days, 47 percent said they would vote for Obama and 43 percent for Romney if the November 6 U.S. election were held today.

The president's margin over Romney in the daily rolling poll was unchanged from Saturday's numbers, turning up the heat on Republican strategists who were hoping for a more muted post-convention "bounce" for Obama in the wake of Friday's release of weak employment numbers.

"It means (Democrats) are on good footing going into the rest of the election," Ipsos pollster Julia Clark said.

Obama's lead already was more sustained than a smaller and shorter-lived boost that Romney enjoyed after the Republican convention finished in Tampa, Florida on August 30, Clark said. The Democratic convention ran through Thursday night in Charlotte, North Carolina.

"The task is now to stay on the message as we're still quite a ways away from the election," Clark said, reiterating her prediction that the gap in poll numbers between Obama and Romney is likely to narrow and stay close up to November 6.

Senior advisers to Romney rejected the idea that they would panic after several polls showed the former Massachusetts governor losing in key swing states, saying such results reflected the recent Democratic convention and not the ongoing tight race.

"An incumbent president who is below 50 percent in the polls is in a very bad place," one senior Romney adviser said.

Another adviser said, "if we're at 47-45 (with Obama leading) going into the Thursday before the election, I'd be very comfortable we'd win."

DIRECTION OF JOBS, ECONOMY

What Romney advisers are banking on is Americans' feelings about Obama's handling of the U.S. economy.

"Mitt has improved his standing in battleground states and is positioned perfectly on the issue of the economy with swing voters, who are so down on President Obama's performance in office," the first senior adviser to Romney said.

Sunday's Reuters/Ipsos poll showed Romney leading in popularity among registered independent voters, with 35 percent of them saying they would vote for him. Obama had 31 percent.

But asked which of the two "will protect American jobs," 32 percent of independent registered voters picked Obama, while 27 percent sided with Romney, according to Sunday's results.

Among all the 1,660 registered voters surveyed, Obama scored 42 percent compared to Romney's 35 percent.

Obama's ranking in that category has climbed steadily over the past two weeks of the daily poll, starting with 34 percent on August 28, reaching 40 percent on September 7 and peaking Sunday.

"The public view of the economy is much more about personal perception than reality," Clark said, explaining that few people pay close attention to numbers or statistics. "The fact that the dialogue is in the public sphere and Obama has been defending his record, it's possible a little bit of that is sticking."

At the same time, 72 percent of registered voters surveyed said the national economy and national deficit were on the wrong track, while 66 percent said the same about jobs and unemployment and 57 percent about the direction of things in the country in general, according to Sunday's poll numbers.

Asked how they felt about Obama, 54 percent of registered voters were favorable. Romney's favorability trailed at 49 percent.

Sunday's findings wrap up a series of daily rolling polls aimed at gauging sentiment during the two weeks of party conventions. For the survey, a sample of registered voters was interviewed online from September 5-9.

The precision of Reuters/Ipsos online polls is measured using a credibility interval. In this case, the poll has a credibility interval of plus or minus 2.7 percentage points for all respondents.

(Additional reporting by Sam Youngman in Boston; Editing by Alistair Bell)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-maintains-post-convention-lead-over-romney-054658920.html

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Conscious Employed Liability Insurance Coverage Coverage - The ...

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Those people are just some sort of few of some things you really should to remember once on duty. What you is going to also remember is definitely even if you will are already upon the market from your job, law suits could certainly still haunt your site because of this mistake you completed or allegedly trustworthy when you got been still on healthy duty. This really is the reason why making sure you are properly sprayed with Professional Answerability Insurance is pretty important in the overall of your source of income as a dress designer.

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Prevalent liability insurance runs have been on your the rise given that of late, sometimes due to specific number of litigation brought against small businesses. Unfortunately, really individuals have i would say the perception that all businesses from corporations to LLC's within order to sole proprietors acquire deep pockets, but as a small business owner you and your family know otherwise. That's why it is so noteworthy to protect your body and your company with liability rrnsurance policies.

Source: http://margeryyeh.typepad.com/blog/2012/09/conscious-employed-liability-insurance-coverage-coverage-the-erased-necessity.html

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more news! | Kayleigh's Sanctuary for Exotic Pets

We raised ?544 for our poi fundraiser! A massive thank you to everyone who helped! We used the money to get some food and to replace our camera that was stolen from us a few weeks ago.

Our terrapin campaign will be going ahead in October, this is an awareness campaign so people will realise what is involved in having a terrapin as opposed to what bad petshops tell them. We could really do with your support, going to our terrapin campaign and printing off our brochure and distributing them to vets, petshops even community noticeboards. If we cant stop 1 terrapin from being kept in a fish bowl its a success so email me at kayleighsexoticpetsanctuary@gmail.com or check out our campaign page here.

We also say welcome to our new fundraiser, Dianne Landy! Thank you so much for coming on board and we cant wait to see what you can do :-) if anyone is interested in fundraising please let us know!

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Source: http://www.kayleighs-sanctuary.com/?p=641

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Euro zone enters dangerous week buoyed by ECB

PARIS (Reuters) - The euro zone enters a dangerous week, strewn with potential landmines, in a somewhat more optimistic mood after investors welcomed a European Central Bank plan to prevent a breakup of the single currency.

German judges, Dutch voters, IMF inspectors and Brussels regulators could all spring surprises that make it harder to resolve a sovereign debt crisis which is almost three years old and weighing on the world economy.

Wednesday is the main day to watch.

Germany's constitutional court rules then on the legality of the euro zone's permanent financial rescue fund, the European Commission unveils detailed plans for a euro zone banking union, and the Netherlands holds a cliff hanger general election.

Then European finance ministers meet in Cyprus from Friday to try to thrash out differences over banking supervision and possible extra aid for Spain, the zone's fourth biggest economy, and Greece, the problem country that first triggered the crisis.

Decisions on Spain and Greece are not likely until October, but the talks may point to whether Madrid will apply for European assistance, at the risk of unpalatable conditions and supervision, and whether EU and IMF inspectors are leaning towards allowing a vital aid installment to keep Athens afloat.

Europe has been holding its breath for two months for the German court ruling, a potential show-stopper.

All 20 legal experts polled by Reuters expect the judges to let the European Stability Mechanism and a European fiscal discipline pact go ahead, but most expect them to add tough conditions for future bailouts.

That could potentially tie Chancellor Angela Merkel's hands or, at the least, make her backing for bailouts politically even more difficult given a public backlash against last week's ECB decision to buy the bonds of vulnerable states.

If the court were to rule against the ESM, it would have a devastating effect on bond and currency markets, pushing the 17-nation currency zone deeper into turmoil by casting doubt on future rescues of heavily-indebted southern member states.

But if as expected it gives a green light, it may set out caveats that scare investors and complicate crisis-management.

STRINGS

Among strings the judges may attach are giving parliament a power of veto over each future aid disbursement or declaring a limit to German liability for other euro zone countries' debts.

"I think the Constitutional Court will let both treaties pass," said Kai von Lewinski at Berlin's Humboldt University, adding that it might insist on attaching a "clarifying sentence that German liability has to be limited".

A quarter of the public and constitutional law professors surveyed expect the court to say that European integration has reached the limits permitted by Germany's Basic Law and any deeper union would require an unprecedented referendum on a new constitution.

For months, it looked as if the Dutch election could end in paralysis or throw up a government in thrall to hard-left or far-right eurosceptics, making any parliamentary backing for future euro zone bailouts well nigh impossible.

But latest opinion polls show the center-right Liberals of caretaker Prime Minister Mark Rutte and the center-left Labour party pulling ahead neck-and-neck, with support for leftist and anti-immigration populist parties fading, suggesting a pro-European coalition may emerge.

Even so, it may takes months of negotiation before this increasingly skeptical founder member of the European Union has a fully empowered government, casting doubt on its ability to agree to any early steps towards closer euro zone integration.

"Irrespective of the outcome of the Dutch election, anti-austerity sentiment and bailout-phobia in Holland is likely to become more pronounced," said Nicholas Spiro, managing director of fixed income consultancy Spiro Sovereign Strategy.

BANKING BATTLE

A fierce battle has already begun over proposals for a single banking supervisor based at the ECB and a future bank resolution system which European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso will outline to the European Parliament.

Germany, keen to preserve its politically sensitive regional Landesbanken and savings banks from outside control, insists the ECB should supervise only the top 25 systemic cross-border banks and leave the rest to national regulators.

German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble has said the ECB cannot realistically oversee all 6,000 banks in the euro area - something of a red herring since the real issue is the 200 banks that hold about 95 percent of banking assets, according to the Bruegel think-tank.

However, crises have spread from institutions such as Britain's Northern Rock and Spain's Bankia which had appeared to pose little threat to the wider banking system.

The Commission and the ECB therefore want the new supervisor to have ultimate authority over all lenders, even if it delegates to national watchdogs. Bankers tend to agree.

"If we put all banks under the same supervision mechanism, that would ensure a level playing field," the chief executive of Italy's UniCredit, Federico Ghizzoni, told Reuters in an interview. "And it's not only large banks that pose systemic risks.

German lawmakers fiercely oppose longer-term plans for a common banking resolution fund and deposit guarantee scheme, which Barroso may raise in a state of the union address that will lay out steps to deeper economic and monetary union.

The ECB's promise to buy short-term bonds of vulnerable countries that accept a partial bailout program has given governments a breathing space to repair the design flaws of the euro, but EU leaders remain far apart on what to do.

The EU's top economic official, Olli Rehn, sought to make such assistance more politically palatable to Spain and Italy, saying the conditions attached would be based on existing policy recommendations but "would have to include very specific objectives and a timeline on how to meet the objectives".

Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy has said Madrid, which has already agreed to European aid for its troubled banks, should not have to meet extra conditions for sovereign assistance, such as cutting pensions.

Barroso will lay out the building blocks for closer fiscal integration and changes that may be needed to ensure "democratic accountability" in a more centralized euro zone. But several countries, including the Netherlands, have deep misgivings about yielding more sovereignty and there is little public support for such moves.

"Nobody, least of all investors, should be under any illusion about the reason why the ECB is acting more forcefully to shore up Spanish and Italian debt markets," Spiro said.

"These steps are being taken in the face of repeated failures on the part of Europe's leaders to solve the political, economic and institutional problems that continue to bedevil the single currency area. The big issues of a fiscal and banking union, to say nothing about growth and competitiveness, remain in the hands of politicians, not central bankers."

(Additional reporting by Lisa Jucca, Francesca Landini, Barry Moody, James Mackenzie, Paola Arosio and Luca Trogni in Cernobbio, Italy; Writing by Paul Taylor; editing by David Stamp)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/euro-zone-enters-dangerous-week-buoyed-ecb-072326842.html

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